The Regulation of Artificial Intelligence in Indonesia’s Constitutional Law System: The Need for Regulatory Reform

Abstract

The development of Artificial Intelligence/AI has driven significant transformations in various sectors of state life, including governance, public services, and law enforcement. However, the increasingly widespread use of AI in Indonesia has not been matched by a comprehensive regulatory framework that is integrated into the constitutional legal system. The absence of adequate regulations has the potential to raise constitutional issues, particularly those related to the protection of human rights, the principle of the rule of law, accountability of power, and legal certainty. This study aims to analyze AI regulations in the Indonesian constitutional law system and examine the urgency of AI regulatory reform from a constitutional law perspective. The research method used is a literature review by examining laws and regulations, policy documents, and national and international journal articles relevant to the issue of AI regulation and governance. The results of the study show that AI regulation in Indonesia is still sectoral, fragmented, and lacks a clear constitutional basis. This condition has implications for the weak protection of citizens’ rights and the suboptimal oversight mechanisms for AI use.  Therefore, this is very important for the development and utilization of AI in line with democratic values and the objectives of Indonesia as a constitutional state