PUBLIC UNAWARENESS OF PERSONAL DATA DISCLOSURE IN VILLAGES IN GENERAL (REVIEW OF PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION LAW)

Abstract

This study explores the low level of public awareness in submitting personal data—particularly photocopies of identity cards—to village officials. The focus of the study includes: (1) citizen behavior from the perspective of Law No. 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection (PDP Law), and (2) a conceptual review through Philipus M. Hadjon's theory of legal protection. Using a normative-qualitative approach based on statute and case analysis, the study examines legal norms and empirical cases related to collecting public administrative data. The results of the study show a gap between social reality (das sein) and legal requirements (das sollen): citizens tend to be passive without critical consideration of privacy risks, while sub-districts generally have not adopted encrypted digital systems, access restrictions, or officer education. Within Hadjon's framework, preventive protection (citizen participation, checks and balances) and repressive protection (internal audits, reporting, administrative compensation) have not been synergistically implemented. The study recommends legal and digital literacy education for the community, digitization of administrative systems with clear security and SOPs, and the establishment of integrated complaint and response mechanisms in sub-districts. Implementing these measures is expected to strengthen the effectiveness of the PDP Law, protect the rights of data subjects, and build public trust in administrative services.